Buck teeth, also known as protruding, overbite, or overjet teeth, are a common dental concern that can affect both children and adults. The condition is characterized by the upper front teeth extending noticeably beyond the lower teeth. It not only impacts one’s appearance but also plays a significant role in oral health.
We’ll now unravel the mysteries of buck teeth, exploring the various factors contributing to their development, including genetics, oral habits, and facial structure, and trying to answer the following questions:
- What are the potential consequences of buck teeth for oral health and overall well-being?
- How is it related to issues like increased risk of dental trauma and difficulty with proper speech and chewing?
- How do I avoid or treat buck teeth? Health implications of its treatments?
We’ll also discuss the diverse treatment methods available, from traditional braces to more modern orthodontic solutions, helping you make informed decisions about your dental health and letting you discover how to achieve a healthier, more confident smile.
Why should you give importance to buck teeth?
Buck teeth must be addressed due to several reasons:
- Buck teeth affect aesthetics and can harm self-esteem.
- It often leads to speech difficulties and bite problems.
- Protruding teeth are prone to injury, especially in sports.
- They can make oral hygiene challenging, increasing the risk of dental issues.
- They contribute to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems.
Addressing buck teeth promotes long-term dental health by reducing wear and damage by properly treating it which will ultimately improve the overall quality of life by boosting confidence and social interactions.
What exactly are Buck Teeth?
Buck teeth, also known as protruding teeth or overjet, refer to a dental condition in which a person’s upper front teeth (maxillary central incisors) significantly extend outward beyond the lower front teeth (mandibular central incisors) when the mouth is in a closed or resting position. This protrusion can create an aesthetic concern and may also lead to functional issues, such as difficulty biting, speech problems, or an increased risk of dental injury. Buck teeth are typically characterized by an excessive horizontal gap between the upper and lower front teeth and can vary in severity from mild to more pronounced protrusion.
The Angle’s Classification System
Dr. Edward H. Angle developed The Angle’s Classification System to categorize and describe different types of malocclusion (improper alignment of teeth when the jaws are closed). The Angle’s classification system classifies malocclusions into three main categories based on the relationship between the upper and lower first molars, which are the large back teeth:
Class I Malocclusion (Neutroclusion):
- In Class I malocclusion, the upper first molar aligns slightly ahead of the lower first molar causing various alignment issues but the molars are in the correct relationship.
Class II Malocclusion (Distocclusion, Overbite, or Buck Teeth):
- In Class II malocclusion, the upper first molar is positioned significantly ahead of the lower first molar.
- This condition is often characterized by an overbite, where the upper front teeth overlap the lower front teeth excessively. Class II malocclusions can be further subdivided into Division 1 and Division 2, based on the specific characteristics of the overbite.
Class III Malocclusion (Mesiocclusion):
- The upper first molar is positioned behind the lower first molar.
- The condition results in an underbite, where the lower front teeth protrude beyond the upper front teeth when the jaws are closed.
The Angle Classification System primarily focuses on the relationship between the first molars, and it may not capture all aspects of a patient’s malocclusion.
What Causes Buck Teeth
1. Genetics and Family History
Genetics and family history can play a significant role in the development of an overbite. Certain genetic factors can influence the size and shape of the jawbones, as well as the positioning of teeth. If family members have a history of overbites or dental misalignments, there is a higher likelihood of inheriting similar dental traits. Additionally, genetics can influence the growth patterns of the jaw, potentially resulting in a smaller lower jaw or a larger upper jaw, which can contribute to an overbite.
2. Childhood Habits
Childhood habits can contribute to the development of an overbite by affecting the positioning of the teeth and jaw growth. Thumb-sucking and extended pacifier use can disrupt the normal alignment of teeth and jaws. These habits apply pressure to the developing dental arches, causing the upper front teeth to protrude over the lower teeth (buck teeth).
3. Jaw and Teeth Size Discrepancies
Teeth size and jaw discrepancies can cause an overbite when there’s a mismatch between the size of the upper and lower jaws or the size of the teeth themselves.
- If the upper jaw is larger or the upper front teeth are too prominent compared to the lower teeth, they can overlap excessively when the jaws come together, creating an overbite.
- Conversely, if the lower jaw is smaller or the lower front teeth are too far back, it can also lead to the upper teeth protruding over the lower teeth.
This misalignment can result in functional issues, such as difficulty chewing and an uneven smile, requiring orthodontic intervention for correction.
4. Prolonged Bottle Feeding or Sippy Cup Use
Prolonged bottle feeding or sippy cup use in children can cause overbites due to altered sucking mechanics. It causes high pressure on the upper teeth and reduces oral muscle development. The upper teeth come forward over the lower teeth (overbite).
5. Injury or Trauma
Injuries or trauma to the mouth and jaw can lead to an overbite as they can result in a misalignment of the upper and lower teeth. Such incidents may cause fractures, displacement, or damage to the jawbones or teeth.
Also, healing in an improper position can result in an altered bite, where the upper teeth protrude over the lower teeth.
6. Tongue Thrusting
Constant pressure from the tongue can disrupt the natural alignment of the teeth. This causes the upper front teeth to protrude over the lower front teeth. Prolonged tongue thrusting, especially during childhood, can result in a structural change in the bite, resulting in buck teeth.
Diseases that can cause Buck teeth
All the diseases mentioned below have the tendency to cause buck teeth. It happens because these diseases affect the body in a way that somehow directly or indirectly affects the alignment of the jaw and teeth.
- Acromegaly
- Cleidocranial dysplasia
- Congenital syphilis
- Down syndrome
- Ectodermal dysplasia
- Progeria
- Pierre Robin sequence
Health Implications of Buck Teeth
1. Dental Health Problems
Buck teeth severely change the normal dental care routine.
Tooth Decay
- Buck teeth can make it more challenging to clean between and around these teeth effectively. Brushing and flossing can be rendered ineffective against overbites. Food particles and plaque can accumulate in hard-to-reach areas, increasing the likelihood of cavities.
- The protruding position of these teeth can lead to increased wear on the enamel (teeth coat), making the teeth more susceptible to cavities.
- Malocclusions like buck teeth can alter the natural flow of saliva, reducing its protective effects against decay-causing bacteria.
Gum Disease
Misaligned teeth can lead to the formation of periodontal pockets (small gaps between the tooth and gum tissue). These small pockets can trap harmful bacteria, causing gum inflammation (Gingivitis). If inflamed gums are not treated within time i.e., Gingivectomy, it seriously increases the risk of periodontitis which is the inflammation of surrounding tissue.
2. Speech Problems
Buck teeth can cause serious speech difficulty as they tend to disrupt the natural alignment of the tongue against the upper front teeth. This leads to articulation problems, resulting in lisping. The person finds it difficult to pronounce certain sounds like “s” or “th” and overall speech clarity issues.
3. Chewing Difficulties
Overbite prevents the upper and lower teeth from meeting properly. The misalignment leads to difficulty in effectively biting and breaking down food. This makes chewing less efficient and potentially causing discomfort to the person. Moreover, it may affect the distribution of bite forces, leading to uneven damage to the teeth.
4. Self-esteem and Psychological Impact
The appearance of protruding teeth may lead to feelings of self-consciousness, embarrassment, and reduced self-esteem among individuals. This is especially noticeable during adolescence when appearance is often a central concern. This can result in social anxiety, teasing, and bullying which further affect mental health. Individuals with buck teeth may also avoid smiling or speaking openly, hindering their ability to engage socially and professionally.
5. Other Problems
Buck teeth are also associated with a ton of inconveniences like breathing problems, limited lip closure, facial aesthetics, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems, and jaw pain. Speech problems can significantly hinder one’s career goals and badly affect the overall quality of life.
Diagnosis and Assessment
1. Dental Examinations
The dentist or orthodontist will visually inspect the patient’s teeth and facial structure. They will look for signs of protrusion, misalignment, or crowding.
The dentist or orthodontist will inquire about the patient’s medical history and any previous dental treatments or surgeries.
2. X-rays and Imaging
Dental X-rays (such as panoramic or cephalometric X-rays) may be taken to get a detailed view of the teeth and jawbone. X-rays help determine the severity of the misalignment and identify any underlying issues.
Impressions of the patient’s teeth may be taken, or digital scans (3D imaging) may be used to create a precise model of the teeth and jaw. These models help in planning the treatment.
3. Orthodontic Evaluation
An orthodontic evaluation assesses the patient’s bite, jaw alignment, and overall dental health. The orthodontist will determine the type and extent of orthodontic treatment needed.
They will create a personalized treatment plan, which may involve braces, aligners, or other orthodontic appliances to correct the buck teeth.
Treatment Options
There are several treatments which are opted for the treatment of buck teeth. They are explained in the following section.
1. Orthodontic Solutions
a) Braces
Braces are commonly used to treat buck teeth by gradually repositioning and aligning them. They consist of metal brackets attached to the teeth and connected by wires, which apply gentle, controlled pressure to move the teeth into the desired position.
Over time, this process corrects the protrusion, improving the bite, facial aesthetics, and speech. Braces are highly effective for addressing various orthodontic issues, including buck teeth, and are often worn for a specified period as part of a comprehensive orthodontic treatment plan.
b) Invisalign
Invisalign is an innovative orthodontic treatment for buck teeth using clear, removable aligners. These custom-made plastic trays gradually shift teeth into proper alignment.
They have the following benefits:
- Invisalign discreetly corrects overbite without visible braces.
- The aligners are removable, allowing easier oral hygiene and eating.
- They offer a comfortable, nearly invisible alternative for individuals seeking to address buck teeth
- Providing effective and aesthetically pleasing results through a series of aligner trays
2. Surgical Interventions for Buck teeth
Surgical interventions for buck teeth are considered when orthodontic treatments are insufficient. These procedures aim to correct tooth alignment and enhance facial aesthetics and function.
- Orthognathic surgery or Jaw Surgery repositions the upper and/or lower jaw to address both functional and cosmetic concerns.
- In cases of excessive gum tissue damage, a gingivectomy can be performed.
- Tooth extraction may be needed to create space for proper alignment.
Surgical options vary, are tailored to individual needs, and typically involve collaboration between oral surgeons and orthodontists.
3. Dental Appliances for Buck Teeth
Several dental appliances are used in the treatment of buck teeth, depending on the severity of the condition and individual patient needs. Here are some common dental appliances:
- Headgear: Headgear may be prescribed to address severe cases of overbite or underbite associated with buck teeth. It applies external pressure to guide jaw and tooth alignment.
- Palatal Expanders: These devices are used to widen the upper jaw in cases of narrow arches or crowding, helping to create space for proper alignment.
- Retainers: After orthodontic treatment, retainers are often worn to maintain the corrected position of teeth and prevent relapse, including buck teeth from returning.
- Space Maintainers: These are used in cases where early loss of baby teeth creates gaps that can lead to misalignment. Space maintainers keep the proper space for incoming permanent teeth.
- Functional Appliances: For growing children with buck teeth, functional appliances like the Herbst appliance or twin-block appliance can be used to modify jaw growth and alignment.
- Lip Bumpers: Lip bumpers are sometimes used to prevent lip pressure from pushing the upper front teeth forward, helping to maintain proper alignment.
Lifestyle and Behavioral Changes for Buck Teeth
Certain lifestyle and behavioral changes can complement the treatment process and improve its effectiveness.
- Avoid detrimental habits like thumb-sucking, tongue thrusting, and using pacifiers (in children).
- Attend scheduled orthodontic and dental appointments for monitoring.
- Use mouth guards during sports activities.
- Consider speech therapy if necessary.
- Be mindful of your chewing and biting habits.
- Educate yourself about your treatment plan and maintain a balanced diet.
- Promptly communicate any concerns to your orthodontist.
These practices enhance the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment.
Cost of Treatment of buck teeth
The cost of treating buck teeth, or overbite, can vary depending on the severity of the condition. It also depends on the treatment method chosen and your geographic location. Generally, the average cost of treatment in U.S. ranges from $1,900 to $5,000.
Braces: Braces are the most common treatment for buck teeth. They can cost anywhere from $3,000 to $5,000, depending on the type of braces chosen and the length of treatment.
Aligners: Aligners are a newer, less noticeable alternative to braces. They are typically more expensive than braces, costing around $5,000.
Surgery: In severe cases of buck teeth, surgery may be necessary. Surgery can cost anywhere from $20,000 to $40,000.
Here are some of the best orthodontic clinics in the United States, according to TrustAnalytica, which is a patient review platform:
- Houston Orthodontic Specialists (Houston, TX)
- Walnut Central Orthodontics (Dallas, TX)
- Best Orthodontics (Concord, NC)
- Gibbs Orthodontic Associates (New York, NY)
- Luba Richter Orthodontics (Seattle, WA)
- Two Front (West LA, CA)
- Mill Creek Orthodontics (Mill Creek, WA)
- Orthodontic Specialists of Dallas (Dallas, TX)
- Orthodontic Arts (San Francisco, CA)
- Great Smiles Orthodontics (multiple locations in CA, TX, and AZ)
- Orthodontics by Dr. Kim (Atlanta, GA)
- Smile Envy Orthodontics (multiple locations in PA)
These clinics have a high average rating and many positive reviews from patients.
Preventing Buck Teeth
No one wants to go through all the painful procedures and spend a lot of money on the treatment. Instead, you can try to avoid it, which is a totally possible feat (if your overbite is not due to genetics).
- Early Checkups: Schedule early dental checkups for children to spot alignment issues.
- Thumb-Sucking: Encourage quitting thumb-sucking and pacifier use by age 2-4.
- Good Oral Hygiene: Promote regular brushing, flossing, and dental checkups.
- Limit Bottles/Sippy Cups: Discourage prolonged use to avoid jaw issues.
- Teething Habits: Watch for habits that strain developing teeth.
- Manage Breathing/Allergies: Address issues promptly to prevent mouth breathing.
- Use Mouthguards: Ensure kids wear them during contact sports.
Accepting Buck Teeth
For individuals with buck teeth, self-acceptance is the first step. It involves recognizing that physical appearance doesn’t define one’s worth or value.
One has to understand that everyone has physical imperfections or unique features. Buck teeth are just one aspect of a person’s overall appearance, and they don’t define their character or capabilities.
Encouraging positive reinforcement from loved ones and friends can be empowering. Avoid those buck teeth myths at all cost as they can have a negative impact on your confidence. Supportive and accepting relationships help individuals feel valued beyond their physical attributes.
A culture of acceptance and tolerance can be promoted by understanding the uniqueness of each person and embracing all the kinds of appearances that exist in the world.
Conclusion
Buck teeth are a part of the diversity of mankind, whether they are accepted or straightened by orthodontic treatment. Acceptance and treatment routes are individual decisions, each with its own significance. In the end, it doesn’t matter how someone smiles; what matters is the confidence, self-worth, and pleasure that come with it. Every smile has its own unique beauty, even if it has buck teeth.
It’s important to consult with an orthodontist or dentist as the first and crucial step toward addressing any dental concerns, including buck teeth. Medical professionals are equipped with the knowledge and expertise to assess the condition, determine the most suitable treatment options, and guide individuals toward achieving a healthier, more aligned smile.
If this article gave insights into your concerns about buck teeth, make sure to share it with your friends who are going through this problem and let them also experience a confident and flawless smile.
References
- Mossey, P. S., & Smith, M. T. (2020). Genetics of human dental malformations. Cambridge University Press.
- Barkin, A. J., & Barkin, R. M. (2020). Clinical syndromes and dental implications. Elsevier.
- Bishara, S. I., & Graber, G. M. (2017). Orthodontics: Principles and practice (6th ed.). Elsevier.
- Hupp, J. R., Torabinejad, P. R., & Miller, N. D. (2018). Oral and maxillofacial surgery: Principles and practice (9th ed.). Elsevier.
- Rimoin, D. L., Jones, J. L., Bamshad, K. J., Pagon, M. A., & McGillivray, S. A. (2023). Medical genetics: Principles and practice (8th ed.). Elsevier.